UGC-NET Information & Communication Technology (ICT) MCQ Practice

Hacking — Incorrect:
Hacking involves gaining unauthorised access to a computer, network or account. It can lead to data theft, modification or system damage and is therefore a security risk.

Firewall — Correct:
A firewall is a security tool that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic. It helps protect computers and networks from unauthorised access, so it is not a security risk.

Phishing — Incorrect:
Phishing is a fraudulent attempt to obtain passwords, banking details or other sensitive information by impersonating a trustworthy person or organisation.

Pharming — Incorrect:
Pharming redirects users from a legitimate website to a fraudulent one, often by manipulating DNS settings. Its purpose is usually to steal confidential information.

CPU → Processes instructions:
The Central Processing Unit executes program instructions, performs calculations and controls the operations of a computer.

Monitor → Displays visual output:
A monitor is an output device that displays text, images, videos and other visual information.

RAM → Stores data temporarily:
Random Access Memory temporarily stores the data and instructions currently being used. Its contents are generally lost when the computer is switched off.

Hard disk → Stores data permanently:
A hard disk provides non-volatile storage for files, applications and the operating system. Its data remains stored when the power is switched off.

OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection. It is a conceptual model that explains how data travels between computers over a network.

The OSI model has seven layers, from lowest to highest:

Physical – Transmits raw bits through cables, Wi-Fi, etc.
Data Link – Transfers frames between directly connected devices.
Network – Handles IP addressing and routing.
Transport – Ensures end-to-end data delivery.
Session – Establishes and manages communication sessions.
Presentation – Translates, encrypts and compresses data.
Application – Provides network services to user applications.

A common mnemonic is: Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away.